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THE DICTIONARY VORTARO
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“La Vortaro”Pilger: “BER”Bick: “Esperanto-dansk”
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Correlatives
Question and answer words are linked in a separate system. It consists of five beginnings and nine endings which can be combined in many ways.
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| kio - what, what thing | tio - that, that thing | io - something, anything | ĉio - everything, all things | nenio - nothing |
| kiu - who, which one | tiu - that person, that one | iu - someone, somebody | ĉiu - everyone, everybody | neniu - no one, nobody |
| kia - what kind of, what (a) | tia - that kind of, such a | ia - some kind of, any kind of | ĉia - every kind of, all kinds of | nenia - no kind of |
| kiel - how, in what way | tiel - that way, thus, like that, so | iel - somehow, in some way | ĉiel - in every way | neniel - in no way |
| kie - where, in what place | tie - there, in that place | ie - somewhere, anywhere, in some place | ĉie - everywhere, in every place | nenie - nowhere, in no place |
| kiam - when, at what time | tiam - then, at that time | iam - sometime, anytime, ever | ĉiam - always, at all times | neniam - never, at no time, not ever |
| kiom - how much, how many, what quantity | tiom - so much, as many, that quantity | iom - some, some quantity | ĉiom - the whole quantity, all of it | neniom - not a bit, none, no quantity |
| kial - why | tial - for that reason | ial - for some reason | ĉial - for every reason | nenial - for no reason |
| kies - whose | ties - that one's | ies - someone's | ĉies - everyone's | nenies - no one's |
Ĉi
The word ĉi expresses closeness and is used with the ti- and ĉi-words, either before or after them.
tie ĉi / ĉi tie - here
tiu ĉi / ĉi tiu - this one
ĉio ĉi / ĉi ĉio - all of this
Ajn
The word ajn means '...ever':
kiam ajn - whenever
kiu ajn - whoever
Relative words
The ki-words are also used as relative (interrelational) words.
Tio, kion li diris, estas bona. - that, which he said is good
La knabino, kiu staras tie. - the girl, which stands there
Ĝi estas granda kiel domo. - it is large like a house
More detailed explanations
Read here.
Exercises