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THE DICTIONARY VORTARO
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“La Vortaro”Pilger: “BER”Bick: “Esperanto-dansk”
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Affixes
The affixes (prefixes and suffixes) are very important in Esperanto. There are 10 prefixes and 32 suffixes.
Prefixes
| bo- | related by marriage | patro | - | father | bopatro | - | father-in-law | |||
| dis- | in several directions | doni | - | to give | disdoni | - | to distribute | |||
| ek- | (suddenly) begin | vidi | - | to see | ekvidi | - | to glimpse | |||
| eks- | no longer | reĝo | - | king | eksreĝo | - | ex-king | |||
| fi- | bad (in principle referring to character) | domo | - | house | fidomo | - | house of shame | |||
| ge- | the two sexes together | patro | - | father | gepatroj | - | parents | |||
| mal- | inverse; opposite | bona | - | good | malbona | - | bad | |||
| mis- | not rightly; in error | uzi | - | to use | misuzi | - | to abuse | |||
| pra- | a very long time ago or (when talking about descendents) future | tempo | - | time | pratempo | - | ancient times | |||
| re- | again, another time; inverse direction | veni | - | to come | reveni | - | to return |
Suffixes
| -aĉ- | bad (in principle referring to quality) | domo | - | house | domaĉo | - | hovel | |||
| -ad- | continuous or repeated action | kanti | - | to sing | kantado | - | singing | |||
| -aĵ- | something concrete, specific | alta | - | high | altaĵo | - | a height (highland, etc.) | |||
| -an- | member | Kristo | - | Christ | kristano | - | Christian | |||
| -ar- | many taken as a whole | arbo | - | tree | arbaro | - | forest | |||
| -ĉj- | forms familiar form of male names (after 2-5 letters of the name) | patro | - | father | paĉjo | - | Dad | |||
| -ebl- | can be done | legi | - | to read | legebla | - | legible | |||
| -ec- | quality as an abstract idea | rapida | - | fast | rapideco | - | speed | |||
| -eg- | very large; very strongly | varma | - | warm | varmega | - | hot | |||
| -ej- | place | kuiri | - | cook | kuirejo | - | kitchen | |||
| -em- | inclination or tendency | dormi | - | to sleep | dormema | - | sleepy | |||
| -end- | must be done | legi | - | to read | legenda | - | must be read | |||
| -er- | fragment, one of many similar pieces | sablo | - | sand | sablero | - | grain of sand | |||
| -estr- | person who guides, rules, presides | lernejo | - | school | lernejestro | - | principal/head teacher | |||
| -et- | very small; very weakly | varma | - | warm | varmeta | - | lukewarm | |||
| -id- | offspring | hundo | - | dog | hundido | - | puppy | |||
| -ig- | cause something to be | labori | - | to work | laborigi | - | to put someone to work | |||
| -iĝ- | become | ruĝa | - | red | ruĝiĝi | - | to blush | |||
| -il- | instrument, tool | tranĉi | - | to cut | tranĉilo | - | knife | |||
| -in- | indicates female sex | knabo | - | boy | knabino | - | girl | |||
| -ind- | good to do, worthy of | legi | - | to read | leginda | - | worth reading | |||
| -ing- | a holder into which something is inserted | glavo | - | sword | glavingo | - | scabbard | |||
| -ism- | way of thought, belief system | kristano | - | Christian | kristanismo | - | Christianity | |||
| -ist- | practitioner of a profession, continued hobby or way of thinking | labori | - | to work | laboristo | - | worker | |||
| -nj- | forms familiar form of female names (after 2-5 letters of the name) | patrino | - | mother | panjo | - | Mom | |||
| -obl- | multiplication; times | du | - | two | duoblo | - | double | |||
| -on- | fraction | du | - | two | duono | - | half | |||
| -op- | group of | du | - | two | duope | - | in a pair | |||
| -uj- | container | mono | - | money | monujo | - | wallet, change purse | |||
| -ul- | person | juna | - | young | junulo | - | a youth | |||
| -um- | indefinite relation | komuna | - | common | komunumo | - | community |
Several prefixes and suffixes can be used together.
patro - father => bogepatroj - in-laws
labori - to work => mallaborema - lazy
Several prefixes and suffixes can be used on their own.
ilo - tool
ekas - begins
More detailed explanations
Read more about suffixes and prefixes.
Exercises