In the Fundamento de Esperanto, there is also a dictionary with translations in five languages (French, English, German, Polish and Russian). The full name of this dictionary is "Universala Vortaro de la Lingvo Internacia Esperanto" (abbreviated as "Universala Vortaro" or "UV"). In total it contains around 2600 roots (= root-words without their endings), around 150 short words which are independent of grammatical endings, and 11 grammatical endings.

The roots in the Universala Vortaro can be divided into three categories of meaning (often called "karakteroj", characteristic groups):

1. Verbal (or "action") roots - i.e. roots that denote an action. In the Universala Vortaro they are translated into the five national languages as verbs. In modern dictionaries (and in the word lists of the Ekzercaro) they appear with an i ending in their basic form, e.g., "iri", "ridi", "vivi".
   
   
2. Adjectival (or "qualitative") roots – i.e. roots that denote a quality or attribute. In the Universala Vortaro they are translated as adjectives and adverbs. In modern dictionaries (and in the Ekzercaro) they normally appear with an a ending in their basic form, e.g., "bona", "forta", "longa".
   
   
3. Substantival roots - i.e. roots that denote an object, person, animal, plant, substance, abstraction etc. In the Universala Vortaro they are translated as nouns. In modern dictionaries (and in the Ekzercaro) they normally appear with an o ending in their basic form, e.g., "domo", "homo", "muziko".
   
   

One can also think of the affixes (prefixes and suffixes) as roots. Some of them can be classed as verbal ("-ig-", "-iĝ-"...), others as adjectival ("-ebl-", "-em-"...) and others still as substantival ("-aĵ-", "-ul-", "-in-", "-ej-"...). But some cannot be classed in this way ("-um-", "-et-", "-eg-", "-ant-", "-at-", "mal-"...).

It is useful to know whether the character (= the basic meaning) of a root is verbal, adjectival or substantival in order to be able to correctly make various word forms from it. You can read about this topic here.

In UV, there can also be found:

• Short words – words that do not need endings, but are complete words in their own right, e.g., "pli", "tro", "tre", "mi". It is not usual practice to speak about "karakteroj" of short words.
• Endings – the 11 grammatical endings: -O, -A, -E, -I, -AS, -IS, -OS, -US, -U, -J, -N.

Preface to the Universala Vortaro

"With the help of this dictionary, one can understand everything that is written in the international language Esperanto. Words that together form a single idea are written together, but are divided from one another with apostrophes, such that, for example, the word "frat'in'o", which presents one idea, is made up of three words, each of which must be sought separately."

Note that this text calls single roots, affixes and even endings "words". Linguists nowadays use the term "morpheme" for what Zamenhof called a "word". They can also be referred to as language elements that convey a meaning.

Extract from the Universala Vortaro

• a marque l’adjectif; ex. hom' homme ― hom'a humain | termination of adjectives; e. g. hom' man ― hom'a human | bezeichnet das Adjektiv; z. B. hom' Mensch ― hom'a menschlich | означаетъ прилагательное; напр. hom' человѣкъ ― hom'a человѣческій | oznacza przymiotnik; np. hom' człowiek ― hom'a ludzki.
• abat' abbé | abbot | Abt | аббатъ | opat.
• abel' abeille | bee | Biene | пчела | pszczoła.
• abi' sapin | fir | Tanne | ель | jodła.
• abomen' abomination | abomination | Abscheu | отвращеніе | odraza.
• abon' abonner | subscribe | abonniren | подписываться | prenumerować.
• ablativ' ablatif | ablative | Ablativ | творительный падежъ | narzędnik.
• abrikot' abricot | apricot | Aprikose | абрикосъ | morela.
• absces' abcès | abscess | Geschwür, Eiterbeule | нарывъ | wrzód.
• absint' absinthe | absinthium | Wermuth | полынь | piołunkówka.
• acer' érable | maple | Ahorn | кленъ | klon.
• aĉet' acheter | buy | kaufen | покупать | kupować.
  • sub'aĉet' corrompre | corrupt | bestechen | подкупать | przekupyvać.
• acid' aigre | sour | sauer | кислый | kwaśny.
• ad' marque durée dans l’action; ex. paf' coup de fusil ― pafad' fusillade | denotes duration of action; e. g. danc' dance ― danc'ad' dancing | bezeichnet die Dauer der Thätigkeit; z. B. danc' der Tanz ― danc'ad' das Tanzen | означаетъ продолжительность дѣйствія; напр. ir' идти ― ir'ad' ходить, хаживать | oznacza trwanie czynności; np. ir' iść ― ir'ad' chodzić.
• adiaŭ adieu | good-by | lebe wohl | прощай | bądź zdrów.
• adjektiv' adjectif | adjective | Eigenschaftswort | имя прилагательное | przymiotnik.
• ...

If you wish to see the complete word list, click here: Universala Vortaro